Generally speaking animals are softer then trees and rocks the sound waves bounce of them at a different frequency, in the natural environment there aren't as many variables as in the modern world. Bats also use there sense of smell which helps alot.How does a bat ditinguish between a prey and an object when its sends high frequency waves?
the same way any animal would.
through the process of growing up, and becoming able to hunt their own food, they learn how to notice the subtle differences between animate and inanimate objects.
remember that bats' sonic waves are just another form of sight. sight is electromagnetic waves, afterall. there's no real difference besides the wavelength and speed.
and similarly, there are bound to be a lot of ways to camoflauge against sound, just like there are a lot of ways to camoflauge against light.
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